Perbedaan Analytical dan Hortatory Exposition Text

Analytical Exposition VS Hortatory Exposition

Kedua teks tersebut masuk dalam kategori persuasive text. Persuasive textmerupakan teks yang bertujuan untuk mempengaruhi seseorang akan ide yang penulis utarakan -baik untuk mengubah pandangan seseorang sesuai pandangan si penulis terkait suatu kasus tertentu maupun untuk mencari pendukung akan ide yang diutarakan si penulis.

Untuk perbedaannya yang jelas dan tidak sulit dipahamai yaitu terletak padageneric structure ke dua teks tersebut. 
Perhatikan:

Analytical exposition (lihat penjelasan lengkapnya

1.             Thesis

2.             Argument

3.             Conclusion/Reiteration

Hortatory Exposition (lihat penjelasan lengkapnya 

1.             Thesis

2.             Argument

3.             Recommendation

Perhatikan bagian poin ke tiga, jika analytical exposition pada paragraf terakhirnya berisikan kesimpulan atau pernyataan ulang atas inti dari ide yang disampaikan, maka hortatory exposition berisikan rekomendasi untuk pembaca. Yang penting diperhatikan yaitu penggunaan ciri kata yang sering digunkan dalam memberikan rekomendasi atau saran: should, should not, ought to, ought not to. Lihat contoh di bawah:

Contoh Analytical Exposition Text: (Perhatikan kalimat bagian terakhir diwarnai merah, kalimat tersebut merupakan pernyataan ulang dari yang diutrakan penuis di paragraf pertama)

Public Transportation should be Free

If we can agree that government has some role to play in our lives, then let’s at least make it a positive one. Consider the benefits of free, fully-subsidized public transportation.

First, it will motivate more people to leave their cars at home. Think of the reduction in pollution and traffic jam and insurance costs due to accidents. Greener cities, safer cities, more livable cities. More room for parks and trees. Think of the money we’ll all save by consuming less gas, spending less frequently on car repairs, and so on. That money will stay in our wallets and we could then turn around and give the economy a boost by spending it on other consumer goods or services. More jobs.

Secondly, we must consider the health benefits. We’ll all walk a little more. This will reduce visits to doctors’ offices and hospitals because we’ll be healthier. We’ll have improved blood pressure, lower stress and possibly a better complexion.

In addition, free transportation will encourage us to enjoy the company of our friends and family. It will become much more feasible to safely drink another glass of wine at the restaurant or have that extra beer at the family gathering. We’ll avoid the worry of getting behind the wheel with a blood-alcohol level that’s above the legal limit. Fewer accidents, fewer tragedies, lower costs of policing and reduced court backlogs. The increased public expense in transportation should pay off in the form of reduced health care costs and a safer society.

Then, think about some of the other social benefits: imagine how much we’ll learn from each other when we share rides instead of sitting in isolation in our cars. Talking to the neighbors might come back into fashion. More people will meet and talk and maybe even help each other.

Having someone else drive us will also give us more time for reading books and newspapers. So, park your car and use it for your dream vacation.

No more fumbling for change, just hop on and off the streetcar or bus wherever and whenever you like. What a great idea, especially for those who live in crowded, polluted cities. It will renew life on our streets.

So I can’t agree more with this proposition. Let’s go for it!

Contoh Hortatory Exposition: (perhatikan kalimat bagian terakhir di warnai merah terdapat kata SHOULD ---> rekomendasi.

Organic Farming

A Solution for Harmless Food

Organic farming is a form of agriculture which excludes the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, plant growth regulators, live-stock feed additives, and genetically modified organisms. It is believed that organic farming should replace conventional one for some reasons.

Firstly, as far as possible, organic farmers rely on crop rotation, integrated pest management, crop residue, compost and mechanical cultivation to maintain soil productivity and control pests.

Secondly, studies have shown that people who work with pesticides have an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. The pesticides examined in these two long-term studies, paraquat and dieldrin, are not allowed on organic farms. The herbicide paraquat and fungicide maneb together, but not alone, have been shown to cause brain damage in mice. Some organic farming standards do allow the use of natural methods of protection from pests such as those derived from plants. Organic activists state that natural pesticides are a last alternative, while growing healthier, disease-resistant plants, using cover crops and crop rotation, and encouraging beneficial insects and birds are the primary methods of pest control.

Finally, a 2001 study demonstrated that children who are fed organic diets experienced significantly lower organophosphorus pesticide exposure than children fed conventional diets. A similar study in 2006 measured the levels of organophosphorus pesticide exposure in 23 pre-school children before and after replacing their diet with organic food: levels of organophosphorus pesticide exposure dropped dramatically and immediately when the children switched to an organic diet. Although the researchers did not collect health outcome data in this study, they concluded “it assumes that children whose diets consist of organic food items would have a lower probability of neurologic health risks.”

Therefore, organic farming should replace conventional one to reduce the using of pesticides which usually remain in farm production such as fruits and vegetables since there are a lot of research which prove that pesticides may be harmful for the consumers if people use pesticides improperly.

Exposition adalah text yang bersifat factual yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pendapat yang bersifat pro atau kontra, dimana text tersebut memberikan argument-argument yang kuat yang bertujuan untuk mempengaruhi pembacanya.

Hal ini tercermin pada Social Function dari text Exposition itu sendiri, yaitu:

To persuade the reader or listener.

As we know, seperti yang kita ketahui, bahwa arti kata persuade itu sendiri adalah mengajak. So, ketika kita akan mengajak seseorang untuk mengikuti pendapat kita, we need the strong argument, don’t we?

Sementara itu apa sih yang dimaksud pro atau kontra itu? Apa pro dankontra itu ada pada satu text?

Of course not, tentu saja tidak, dalam satu badan atau isi text Exposition hanya terdapat satu pendapat yang pro saja beserta alasan apa yang membuat penulis pro dengan pendapat tersebut, atau dalam satu text berisi tentang kontra, dan alasan kenapa penulis kontra dengan issue tersebut.

And then, apa perbedaan dan persamaan dari Analytical dan Hortatory Exposition itu? Check this out!

Analytical Exposition

Pengertian atau definisi analytical exposition text sebenarnya sangat mudah dipahami. Secara bahasa, “Analytical” bermakna, “examining or liking to examine things very carefully” (Cambridge). Artinya, (suka memeriksa / menguji sesuatu secara hati-hati.

Dengan demikian, pengertian Analytical Exposition bisa dipahami sebagai text yang mencoba memberikan penjelasan secara komprehensif tentang suatu masalah dengan menampilkan pendapat-pendapat pendukung secara hati-hati.

Sedangkan tujuan utama analytical exposition text ini adalah, “ to attempt to persuade the reader to believe something by presenting one side of the argument.” Artinya mencoba meyakinkan pembaca agar mempercayai sesuatu dengan memberikan satu sisi pendapat saja.”

Mengacu pada tujuan analytical exposition ini, hal ini tidak bermakna bahwa dalam analytical exposition berisi satu argumen saja, akan tetapi berisi berbagai argumen yang memiliki tujuan sama.

 Generic Structure:ü

1.      Thesis (usually includes a preview argument. It introduces topics and indicates the writer’s position.)

·         THESIS, yaitu pendapat kalian tentang suatu masalah. Biasanya di awali dengan kalimat I personally think, In my opinion, I believe, etc. Setelah kalian menuliskan thesis atau pendapat,

2.      Arguments (consists of a point and elaboration sequence. The number of points may vary, but each must be supported by discussion and evidence).

·         kalian harus menuliskan ARGUMENTS, yaitu argumen-argumen atau alasan-alasan yang disertai dengan fakta dan bukti-bukti yang relevan sehingga pendengar atau pembaca terpengaruh dengan argumen yang kalian kemukakan. Biasanya dimulai dengan Firstly, Nest, Third, The last, etc.

3.      Reiteration (restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments presented).

·         Untuk mengakhiri teks, kalian harus menuliskan REITERATION,Reiteration sendiri berarti kesimpulan dari thesis dan argument yang sudah disajikan diatas. Jadi kata-kata yang bisa kita gunakan untuk mengawali Reiteration part pada text tersebut can be:

·         From the argument above we can conclude that….. ; atau

·         Based on the argument above…..;  atau

·         The conclusion of the argument above is……

·         Etc.

 Language features:ü

 Emotive words such as : alarmed, worried.

            Words that qualify statements such as: usual probably

            Words that link arguments such as: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore.

            Usually present tense, Compound and complex sentences

Contoh 1:

I personally think learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix pleasure with learning when you listen to a song and exploit the song as a means to your English progress. Some underlying reason can be drawn to support the idea why we use songs in language learning.

Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echoing in our minds of the last song we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc) can be both enjoyable and sometimes unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to reinforce the idea that songs work on our short-and-long term memory.

Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of repetition, which is just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that they are effective makes them many times more motivating than other text. Although usually simple, some songs can be quite complex syntactically, lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in the same way as any other literary sample.

Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose. Most pop songs and probably many other types don’t have precise people, place or time reference.

In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and encourage harmony within oneself and within one group. Little wonder they are important tools in sustaining culture, religion, patriotism and yeas, even revolution.

Last but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs such as studying grammar, practicing selective listening comprehension, translating songs, learning vocabulary, spelling and culture.

 From the elaboration above, it can be concluded that learning through music and songs, learning English can be enjoyable and fun.

Coba perhatikan teks di atas thesis, argument dan reiteration.

I personally think.... (thesis)

Firstly, Secondly, Furthermore, In addition, Last but not least (arguments)

From the elaboration above (reiteration)